Three Tests for Phrases 9Pronominalization 23 2. (1) a. It‟s optional. Movement applies to a phrase that contains the wh-word (sometimes a phrase consisting of the wh-word alone; more on this topic below). b. NP an armadillo] as a pet. More wh-movement, Subjacency, and relative clauses CAS LX 522 Syntax I Three kinds of movement A-movement: Movement to SpecIP (subjects, passive objects, subject raising). [NP ==J . 3. Chapter 12 Mark Baker, The Mirror Principle and Morphosyntactic Explanation. Move NP. If a test fails to apply to a string of words, it doesn’t show that they do not form a constituent. (7) *About Syntax was told Mary. stream "�,^a�'f �M�2[�e+ӣ�[�u�J68_��z��4ↇ6��8��� A"�c��G��d�-��L��3tQaUhPq{&�h�. .���s�L�Uyŕ��F*`SK�FՖڲ��­ꛈI �n i�> t�u�γ�V�~:���6iI�a��(����7'E;X���=�IrѪ嫵1P,�D}���_��D�@Z���0]��xi��@u�~�:z��`#p�-P�p���zi�V�[����' c��0�����&��Yg�����%K���]_/��}k���N�D�_Ԩg&��}I�{���Hb]wG��5���y�o�cFu�lN�W�6J �������!��"l�Zi�\J���cBfV�C *�R���ҍ6��6� We can tell that wh-questions involve movement in several ways: • It leaves a gap filled by an expression containing a wh-word (Recall that the verbs putand devourrequire an NP object.) Although wh-movement is unbounded, it is not completely unrestricted.As observed in Háj Ross’s dissertation (Ross, 1967) , wh-movement is constrained by islands: (13) The Sentential Subject Constraint : No NP can be extracted from within a CP subject. NP-movement Move NP to an empty subject position, as long as (i) NP is not contained in a Tensed S (other than the target S). S → NP Modal VP b. VP → V AP PP c. AP → ADVP A d. ADVP → ADV e. PP → P NP f. NP → D N … S NP Aux VP Pro V NP You will help Mary S NP Aux VP S NPAux VP Pro V NP youWill help Mary S Aux NP VP 22. Syntax is the study of grammatical relationships between words and how they are combined to form phrases and sentences. We propose that adjunct extraposition is derived by two different operations, the first covert and the second overt. -Passive Construction: Logical subject suppressed (implicit) Logical object in Spec TP Eg a painting was stolen. German: NP-Bewegung. Introduction ... (11), the wh-in-situ is replaced by an indefinite NP which cannot undergo movement. Ill.S). *Who did [[CP that John spoke to ] surprise you]? �9Bo� ykl�|�9NIڍw^�c�������C�2E���EG��͝.����m��#��ߛ�����B�ᗿ �D�g���Pf�G�=DE���0�ؘ&�. COVERT SYNTAX AND OVERT SYNTAX: SOME DIAGNOSTICS FROM REFLEXIVE LICENSING* Mina Sugimura McGill University 1. Movement Weiwei Sun Institute of Computer Science and Technology Peking University March 20, ... One level of structure in syntax I Representing the super cial syntactic structureof sentences. a. 5 5 !c��pSW*VE��=xZ4���Kv2��mS!��]0�]&‚! (54) Satznegation: a. I haven’t left yet. Movement rules Simply Will you help Mary? Recursion Examples: • a. ab • b. aabb • c. aaabbb • a. The dog = NP The small dog = NP When we want to use a NP in English, we can include an (Adj), but we don‟t have to. PDF | This file gives an overview of syntax: phrase structure and transformation rules, syntactic ambiguity, NP and WH movement. The best-known type of proform is a so-called pronoun, which replaces a NP, e.g. Will you help Mary? – head movement appeared to not have semantic effects – head movement satisfied the morphologicalneeds of lexical items which appeared to be independent of syntax • More recently: head movement must be in syntax (Lechner, 2007; Szabolcsi, 2010; Roberts, 2010) – evidence for semantic effect of head movement movement. /Length 11 0 R This movement, for which there seems to be no clear independent evidence, is an additional movement in head-final RCs. Can Mary do it? A-movement ends in a Case location. In particular, much of the content, as well as our exercises, has been inspired by and adopted from renowned textbooks such as Aarts (1997), Baker (1997), Borsley (1991, 1996), Radford (1988, 1997, 2004), Sag et al. (2) solve: [— NP] Two problems: • solve has no object. Bounding theory and Greek syntax: evidence for wh-movement in NP - Volume 23 Issue 1 - Geoffrey Horrocks, Melita Stavrou Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. clauses, movement, and stress . Operator Movement: Movement to SpecCP and other things we’ll talk about later. • This … Certain constituents appear to have been displaced from the position where they receive important features of interpretation. 10 0 obj English Syntax 4 a) Proform test. �:��f��-�L�Kl�鸂1*C��1��b*�:z�1-����j��pp�hP��Ш�����H@9�zm#�Z4(�(@0�R�6#��2��`�5�M@Z6��s`:)#��)qt�΅Ȍ�"�@����z̮�L�Tĉ� �&�����4��Tb9 ��9��H̟4�״!�. "����Fa|��;�~���x���׈Z K��:FЫF�����;�P�w*����'�D��K2��F/e�� �=�ԼQ�(�WqR~ ����v��M�1��\>c��m^�@�Ɏö_]��3����in�����AG��0BI��N=�����cj{�����w��� Morphology & Syntax, fall 2002 Ken Ramshøj Christensen Constituency tests: If one of the tests applies to a string of words, they form a constituent. 1, ch. @ZI7(�� �@N( ���e��+#!�2eČ21+1��2q�>����[ h�i���F��z#�#Y,֌�6b1�d����I�*I��yd@B$J��ĤY �P�� (2003), to list just a few. passive (4) a. syntax. SYNTACTIC THEORY Q3153 ~ Autumn 2014-15 Assessed exercise 2: Wh-movement CANDIDATE NUMBER: 127542 Dr Melanie Green The Minimalist Program of Noam Chomsky develops a simple syntax which defends his theory of the Universal Grammar. 193 English for a variety of reasons. In The Linguistic Review 1 (1982): 369–416. INVERSION IN YES-NO QUESTIONS the expected answer is YES or NO Examples: Should John leave? (1991) NP-Movement and Expletive Chains. b. (1) a. I can solve this problem. NP Art (Adj) N It‟s a shorthand way of saying that a noun phrase consists of an article (Art) and a noun (N), with the option of including an adjective (Adj) in … Other languages. b. ���Ѱ�\6 �#�p�d �р�+9� �y*1� ���(.0���@-J%R¡�@(*�ɂ���k4��E ��r9�("e�u4�Ά��S5apa��-$"#��]"�I�#���-��������. S NPAux VP Pro V NP youWill help Mary S Aux NP VP 21. ���ԯ"F��Z�����i�n�� ��C£�a�R͉�z�7�R �4���P��D��n�L�!��1!��:(�1���@1���YHՐ�ѩ�;=*5�`�0���uǪU"���� d�26! b. The trace of NP-movement is an NP-trace. %���� DP-Internal NP Movement * TANMOY BHATTACHARYA Abstract In this paper I show that there are clause-like NP-movements within the DP. C. T. James Huang, Move WH in a Language without WH Movement. �L���. )�����gX9�7�c�'�p�F�]u,�7i�ߨ��¶z �hZh��CQš_YzJM����f�R�j��];��=����5�ߪ=�0.�"J�䍚;���!�ѝ��w�����B�%i�R]�J{CQ�D8;'+�ŗ�R��v��*���dniں��\��Pwf��@}]�5�0��jhU|ڭث��.� It is more subtle in . | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, vol 22. >> Such movement occurs in passive constructions and Raising to Subject constructions, and arguably in constructions with ergative verbs. He sneaks into people's houses at night for fun. Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics (5). The problem was solved (by Mary). But [NP my next-door neighbors] haven’t told [NP the 22 NP other people on the street] about [NP the three-toed sloth asleep in their maple tree]. (3) a. Mary solved the problem. MOVEMENT 1. The categorial rules can be thought of as (part of) the syntax and the lexical rules as (part of) the lexicon. Negation Beobachtung: Es kann zwischen Satz- und Konstituentennegation unterschie-den werden. 4 4 Movement operations (in particular, phrasal movement) can disrupt the order. First the NP … See for example Stemefeld (2006: vol. movement of EC - a movement which obeys the restriction on extraction from NP - and that adjunct extraposition has a totally different derivation for which the constraint is irrelevant. Proforms are expressions like she, them, somewhere, do so, there which have the function of representing a constituent which has already been mentioned, so that one need not pronounce/write the constituent twice. Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities.Movement was first postulated by structuralist linguists who expressed it in terms of discontinuous constituents or displacement. 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