The efficacy of ethanolic guava leaf extract was found to be better than that of aqueous guava leaf extract. This work was apprehended by the financial support provided to one of the authors, Kimberly Rogers, (MS student) through the “Advancing Graduate Education in the STEM Disciplines for the Underserved African American and Low Income American Population” grant (FVSU Project no. The methanol extract had an antibacterial activity with mean zones of inhibition of 8.27 and 12.3 mm, and the ethanol extract had a mean zone of inhibition of 6.11 and 11.0 mm against B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively. This method should be done two to three times a day until the wound is healed. Several fruits and fruit extracts, as well as arrowroot tea extract [1] and caffeine [2], have been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the well-diffusion method according to the standard of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [35]. Antibacterial Effect of Guava Leaves Extract Mouthwash Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in High Caries Risk Patients. Scientists have identified thousands of phytochemicals, although only small fractions have been studied closely and each one works differently [29]. S. Kim and D. Y. C. Fung, “Antibacterial effect of crude water-soluble arrowroot (, S. A. Ibrahim, M. M. Salameh, S. Phetsomphou, H. Yang, and C. W. Seo, “Application of caffeine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, to control, S. I. Abdelrahim, A. The guava tree is an evergreen small tree. Each bacterial suspension turbidity is then compared to that of the 0.5 McFarland standard solution (containing about 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL). In conclusion, it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better anti-microbial activity and photocatalytic potential over aqueous leaves extract. 2013, Article ID 746165, 7 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/746165, 1MS Biotechnology Program, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and Technology, Fort Valley State University,
The extracts and the essential oil were evaluated by the disc diffusion method with the three extracts being tested at four concentrations. The efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria through a well-diffusion method employing 50 μL leaf-extract solution per well. Flavonoids are hydroxylated polyphenolic compounds known to be produced by plants in response to microbial infections to which this aspect has been extensively studied and found to have antimicrobial activity against an array of microorganisms in vitro [40]. The antibacterial activity of the leaves extract may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other antimicrobial phytochemicals in the guava leaves extract. The general techniques of medicinal plant extraction include maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, aqueous-alcoholic extraction by fermentation, counter-current extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and phytonic extraction. The resistance of the Gram-negative bacteria could be attributed to its cell wall structure. in guava leaf extract. Psidium guajava leaves could serve as good source of antibacterial agents. Psidium guajavaL. Distilled water is the only that showed the presence of all the phytochemicals, whereas solvent n-hexane failed to have any of the chemical compounds present. Guava bark is used medially as astringent and to treat diarrhea in children, while the flowers have been used to treat bronchitis and eye sores and to cool the body. Aqueous, chloroform and methanol extract of leaves can reduce the growth of different bacteria. Cholera is usually become an epidemic disease in many countries and guava leave is suggested to be given to people who suffer from cholera. The guava leaves were extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). The researchers concluded that guava leaf extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds. Results found in this study were supported and/or opposed in the data reported in literature. Guava leaf extracts decreased spasms associated with induced diarrhea in rodents. [18] conducted a study where they screened the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. has extensive use in folk medicine. Extract was mixed with 2 mL of chloroform. Gram positive bacteria have a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer which is more accessible to permeation by the extracts [22, 28, 42, 43]. Chemical tests for the screening and identification of bioactive chemical constituents in the guava were carried out with the extracts using the standard procedure as described [32–34]. The results showed that two extracts were active against the test organisms indicating that leaves extract are … Z. Almagboul, M. E. A. Omer, and A. Elegami, “Antimicrobial activity of, P. Jaiarj, P. Khoohaswan, Y. Wongkrajang et al., “Anticough and antimicrobial activities of, G. D. Lutterodt, “Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of, S. Begum, S. I. Hassan, S. N. Ali, and B. S. Siddiqui, “Chemical constituents from the leaves of, M. S. Karawya, S. M. A. Wahab, M. S. Hifnawy, S. M. Azzam, and H. M. E. Gohary, “Essential oil of Egyptian guajava leaves,”, M. A. Morales, J. Tortoriello, M. Meckes, D. Paz, and X. Lozoya, “Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of, M. Sunagawa, S. Shimada, Z. Zhang, A. Oonishi, M. Nakamura, and T. Kosugi, “Plasma insulin concentration was increased by long-term ingestion of guava juice in spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats,”, A. Mani, R. Mishra, and G. Thomas, “Elucidation of diversity among, N. S. Ncube, A. J. Afolayan, and A. I. Okoh, “Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends,”. The leaf samples were washed in tap water, dried, and placed into a blender to be grounded into powder. The methanol and ethyl acetate extraction of P. guajava and C. papaya leaves were made by soaking separately, 20 g each of the powdered P. guajava and C. papaya leaves into 100 ml of both 70% methanol and 70% ethyl acetate in … Symptoms of bronchitis are often the same as with common cold, including runny nose, fatigue, sore throat, and chilliness. For each bacterial strain, controls were maintained where pure solvents were used instead of the extract. Antibacterial activity of guava extracts was determined by well diffusion method. The plates are allowed 3 to 5 min to dry the excess moisture. water. The medicinal properties of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn are also well known in traditional system of medicine. Bipul Biswas, Kimberly Rogers, Fredrick McLaughlin, Dwayne Daniels, Anand Yadav, "Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) on Two Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria", International Journal of Microbiology, vol. After 3 days of soaking in solvent, the mixtures were transferred to 50 mL tubes and centrifuged for 10 min at 4,000 rpm at 25°C. For example, tannins are polyphenolic compounds that bind to proline rich protein that interferes with protein synthesis [24, 36, 37] and has shown to have antibacterial activity [38, 39]. Guava has a high antimicrobial activity. The plant extracts were tested on Mueller Hinton II plates to detect the presence of antibacterial activity. Gnan and Demello [27] testing guava leaf extract found good antimicrobial activity against nine different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. and.mm against B. They have several uses, particularly in fighting infections caused by bacteria. Decoction of Guava Leaves: First Step: you should prepare an 800g of guava leaves. The guava leaves are 2 to 6 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide, aromatic when crushed, and appear dull-green with stiff but coriaceous with pronounced veins [12]. Psidium guajava L. has extensive use in folk medicine. Guava leaves have powerful antibacterial properties that can help heal skin infections – even wounds due to surgeries. Psidium guajava L. has extensive use in folk medicine. VIEIRA et al. Eating a healthy balanced food diet allows you to get the vitamins and minerals you need. Copyright © 2013 Bipul Biswas et al. Comparisons with related data from the literature indicate that according to the different methodologies of studies on antibacterial activity, the most diverse outcomes can be obtained. Vieira et al. Guava (Pisidium guajava L.) is a fruit plant belonging to the family Myttacease, guava leaves, roots, and used for prevention and treatment of diarrhea (Lutterodt, 1989, Alnieida et al., 1995), guava also showed a significant antibacterial activity against food borne diarrhea causing bacteria which are Staphylococcus species, Shigella species. Mahfuzul Hoque et al. Four solvents were arranged in increasing polarity; n-hexane (>95%), methanol (>95%), ethanol (>99.5%), and boiling distilled water were used for the maceration extraction procedure. Orange, red, pink, or purple coloration indicates the presence of flavonoids (Figure 2(d)). Abstract. After washing, prepare the pot and pour it with of water, then boil it within 15 minutes to get more extract. The leaf samples were collected from the guava trees growing at the Specialty Plant House at Fort Valley State University. The most commonly cultivated species of Psidium is P. guajava L. which is the common guava. Due to the presence of antioxidants in guava leaves, then it is beneficial … Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. If left untreated, you could become dehydrated and may even have bloody stools. There are bioactive components in the guava leaf that can fight against pathogens, regulate blood glucose levels, and can even aid in weight loss. How Guava Leaves Can Help You Fight Infections aka Best Antibacterial Organic Medicine Diarrhea. Then 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added carefully and shaken gently. stirring rod. To determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts against two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage bacteria. Guava is a tropical fruit that has a wide range of health benefits. Guava leaves contain many chemical constituents such as comarins, essential oils, flavonoids, triterpenes etc., which are known to have antimicrobial properties. The plates are sealed with parafilm, labeled, and placed in an incubator set to 37°C. Extract was mixed with 2 mL of glacial acetic acid containing 2 drops of 2% FeCl3 . The presence of phytoconstituents is reported in Table 3. While you can have diarrhea because of viruses, it can also be caused by bacteria from contaminated water or food. Second, put it in a basin for washing to remove the dust and some small insects found in leaves. The antibacterial agent in these leaves protect the teeth and gums and therefore, guava leaves are used as an ingredient in toothpastes and mouth fresheners. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of plant: The Psidium guajava leaves… This study aimed to examine the flavonoids contents of fresh and dried guava leaves … The essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves of guava using a Clevenger type doser and the extraction methodology of Gottlieb and Magalhães [19]. and. Aim. The antibacterial activity of guava leaf extract was tested against acne developing organisms by Qa'dan et al. and Escherichia coli. According to the ndings of the antibacterial assay, the methanol and ethanol extracts of the guava leaves showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas the gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all the solvent extracts. [26] found guava sprout extracts were effective against inhibiting E. coli. Random leaf samples were collected into plastic zip lock bags with appropriate labeling and stored in an ice cooler until being transported to the laboratory for extraction. Guava crops are grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world like Asia, Egypt, Hawaii, Florida (Figure 1), Palestine, and others. Beans and Peas vs Meat: Which Will Make You Fat, Which for Better Health? In the dry guava extract there were high levels of phenolics (766.08 ± 14.52 mg/g), flavonoids (118.90 ± 5.47 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (87.65%). The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, leathality assay and antibacterial and antitumoral activities of the extract of P. guajava. Guava leaves extract is one of the most traditionally used herbs in folk medicine because of their wide variety of health benefits, which include the management of infectious diseases such as skin infection, throat infection, and tooth infection. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. Ananas comosus has been used through the ages for various medicinal purposes. and Pseudomonas species. and the crude water extracts of guava leaf showed stronger antibacterial than antifungal activity for the period of the experiment Table 2. The paste from the leaves can actually help heal ear infections as well. According to study by Rahim et al, the extract of guava leaves has strong anti-microbial activity against Vibrio cholera. Extract was mixed with magnesium ribbon fragments, and concentrated hydrochloric acid was added drop wise. The extracts were tested against diarrhea-causing bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. A study was done to evaluate the spasmolytic activity of guava leaf and was found that a compound called “aglycone quercetin” is responsible for spasmolytic activities, which is formed when flavonoids of guava leaves are hydrolyzed by the gastrointestinal fluids. The phlobalannins were not observed in methanolic extract( Table 1) Similar results were observed in ethanolic extract of guava leaves. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. This study provides scientific understanding to further determine the antimicrobial values and investigate other pharmacological properties. The present study is carried out by evaluation of antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava against bacterial pathogens. 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