This document is highly rated by Class 7 students and has been viewed 7140 times. Akbar did not only consolidate his empire but also made it one of the strongest empires of his time. His grandson, Akbar, was considered as the greatest Mughal Emperor. The Jesuit accounts are based on personal observation and shed light on the character and mind of the emperor. He ruled for five years but organized the administratin in a brillant manner. Mughal chronicles were written by mostly Mughal courtiers, who mainly focused on the events related to the rulers, their family, the court and wars and the administration. Urdu sprang from the interaction of Persian with Hindavi. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE Chapter 10. NCERT Solutions for Class 7. The division of functions established at the centre was replicated in the provinces (subas). In sulh-i kul all religions and schools of thought had freedom of expression but they did not undermine the authority of the state or fight among themselves. The forms of salutation to the ruler indicated the person’s status in the hierarchy. The Mughals were descendants of the Turkish ruler Timur on the paternal side. Akbar had three fairly able successors Jahangir (1605-27), Shah Jahan (1628-58) and Aurangzeb (1658-1707). Jalaluddin Akbar (1556-1605) was the greatest of all the Mughal emperors. He had reintroduced Jaziya and pilgrim tax. The capital cities of the Mughals frequently shifted during the 16th and 17th centuries. He expanded and consolidated his empire making it the largest, strongest and richest. These books talk about servants of emperor, administration, judicial departments, Hindu philosophies, sayings of Akbar etc. Here are some important notes and points on Mughal Empire for your various upcoming competitive examinations. Today we are providing aspirants important notes on the Mughal Empire. From the latter half of the 16th century, the Mughals expanded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi, until in the 17th century they controlled nearly all of the subcontinent. The third volume is written by wazir, because at that time Lahori became very old and was unable to write. Babur was driven from Farghana by the warring Uzbeks. After Noor Jahan, Mughal queens and princesses began to control significant financial resources. Question 3. It left a political legacy, which the succeeding rulers of the subcontinent could not ignore. Akbar also introduced the Mansabdari System, where every officer was assigned a mansab(rank). The wealthier peasantry and artisanal groups, the … The Mughal household consisted of the emperor’s wives and concubines, his near and distant relatives (mother, step-and foster-mothers, sisters, daughters, daughters-in-law, aunts, children, etc) and female servants and slaves. He defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar in Battle of Khanua in 1527 near Agra. Divine theory of kingship: The king was believed as the representative of god, acquired his powers from him and therefore had to be obeyed. In ICSE Class 9, History is one of the challenging subjects of all as it includes all chapters. The authors of Mughal chronicles were invariably courtiers. We have Provided The Mughal Empire Class 7 History MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. 1527 – defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at Khanua. Selina History ICSE Solutions Class 9 Chapter 10 The Mughal Empire. News reports and important official documents travelled across the Mughal Empire by imperial post which included round-the-clock relays of foot-runners (qasid or pathmar) carried papers rolled up in bamboo containers. Though the Ranas of Mewar remained defiantto Muslim rule. Rana Pratap was defeated by the Mughal army in 1576. The emperor began his day at sunrise with personal religious devotions and then appeared on a small balcony, the jharoka for the view (darshan) of his subjects. He ordered the construction f ibadat khana(House of Worship) at his capital Fatehpur Sikri. As the Mughals became powerful, several rulers voluntarily submitted to their authority. In Chapter 3 of Class 8 NCERT book: Delhi Sultans you must have learnt about Delhi Empire. The term ‘harem’ was used to refer to the domestic world of the Mughals. Humayun conquered his lost empire back from Afghans. He faced revolts in Bundelkhand after usurping the throne after his fathers daeath. Fig. Chronicles of the Mughal Emperor provides us valuable informations about the institution of Mughal state. 1857 – The last ruler of the Mughal dynasty was overthrown by the British. Revision Notes Class 7 Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire Babur (1526-1530) was the first Mughal emperor, who became the ruler of old Delhi by defeating Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat in 1526. All books in Mughal India were handwritten manuscripts and were kept in Kitabkhana . After Sher Shah, his successors ruled till Humayun invaded in 1555. In 1527 A.D., Babur defeated rana sanga in the battle of Kanwa. Paper-makers required to prepare folio of manuscripts, calligrapher copied the text, gilders illuminated the pages, painter illustrated the scene from the text, bookbinders collected the individual folios and set them within ornamental covers. PDF download free. The keeping of exact and detailed rewards was a major concern of the Mughal administration. For initial five years, Bairam Khan consolidated the empire for him. Sources Literary Monuments 2 3. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. Revision Notes for Class 9; Revision Notes for Class 8; About Us. Only the main points from the chapters are compiled below. He married the daughter of Raja Bharmal, thus maintining friendly relations with them. Humayun then escaped to Iran for next fifteen years. The famous chronicles are Akbar Nama, Shahjahan Nama and Alamgir Nama. The Akbar Nama written by Abu’l Fazl is divided into three books, of which the third one is Ain-i Akbari which provided a detailed description of Akbar’s regime. Persian became Indianised by absorbing local idioms. To manage the vast empire and organize the army, Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. Europe got knowledge of India through the accounts of Jesuit missionaries, travellers, merchants and diplomats. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. The monarchs of the Mughal Empire considered themselves as legitimate rulers of vast Indian sub-continent. ICSE Solutions for Class 9 History and Civics – The Mughal Empire ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE SolutionsML Aggarwal Solutions EXERCISES Question 1. In 2nd Battle of panipat, Hemu was defeated and Mughals won. King was a divinely inspired individual who had supreme sovereignty over his people and complete control over his enemies. It gives a historical account of the first decade of Aurangzeb’s rule. He originally formed Turki and his family belongs to Mughal.Daulat Khan Lodhi, Alam Khan, and Rana Sanga … After Auragzeb, the Mughal empire began to decline rapidly. Students can also use CBSE Notes Class 7 History Chapter 4-The Mughal Empire to revise the entire Chapter for the exam. Grand titles were adopted by the Mughal emperors at the time of coronation or after a victory. Question 2. Who wrote Ain-i-Akbari. Fire arms were used for the first Chronicles: It is a continuous chronological record of events. Akbar commissioned the construction of a white marble tomb for Shaikh Salim Chisthi at Sikri. The emperor personally reviewed changes in rank, titles and official postings. From Sonargaon to Sind, From Agra to Burhampur, from Jodhpur to Chittor and from Lahore to Multan. Chahar taslim: A form of salutation to the emperor which is done four times. After the death of Auranzeb (1707), the power of Mughal dynasty diminished. Chronicles commissioned by the Mughal emperors are an important source for studying the empire and its court. He was related to Timur from his father’s side and Chengiz Khan to his mother’s side. 1668 – Alamgir Nama was written by Muhammad Kazim. The Mughal Empire Class 7 Notes Social Science History Chapter 4 CBSE Class 7 History Chapter 4 Notes Understanding The Lesson. His name was Salim. Babur's reign was brief (1526-1530) but he laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India. From the latter half of the 16 th century the Mughals expanded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi and until in the 17 th century they controlled nearly the entire subcontinent.. 2. He defeated ibrahim lodhi in the first Battle of Panipat in 1526 and established Mughal rule in India. Captain William Hawkins of East India Company came to Jahangir’s court. Mughals were the important kings of the Delhi sultanate.. Babur: (1525 – 1530) Babur became the sultan at the age of 12 after his father Sultan Umar Shaikh Mirza died. Once the emperor sat on the throne, no one was permitted to move from his position without permission. This forms a part of the syllabus for Class 9 Social Science History of ICSE. The land was divided into 4 categories: Polaj(every year cultivation), Parauti(cultivated once in 2 years), Chachar(once in 3-4 years), and Banjar( once in 5-6 years). Akbar abolished the discriminating pilgrimage tax in 1563 and Jizya in 1564. The Mughal Empire 1 2. (iii) The land revenue is also important for salaries of the soldiers and officials and welfare works for the commons. In 1570, Akbar decided to build a new capital, Fatehpur Sikri. Hadis described life event of prophet Muhammad which restricted the deception of living beings as they regarded it as function of God. 1528 – defeated the Rajputs at Chanderi; The Asiatic Society of Bengal founded by Sir William Jones in 1784 undertook the editing, printing and translation of many Indian manuscripts, including Akbar Nama and Badshah Nama. These concepts are discussed at length in Chapter 4 of CBSE Class 7 History. His ambition was to conquer Samarkand, the seat of Timur. << Click here for list of important financial committes>>, << Read about Geomorphic processes here>>, Mughal Empire – History Study Material & Notes, Land Revenue System of British in India – History study Material & Notes, Economic impact of British Rule in India- History Study Material & Notes, Anglo Maratha Wars – History Study Material & Notes, Anglo Mysore Wars – History Study Material & Notes.  He built Purana Qila in Delhi. With these liberal ideas, the Mughal rulers could effectively controlled the heterogeneous population of Indian sub-continent for a century and a half. The titles like Asaf Khan, Mirza Raja were given to the nobles. CBSE class 12 History Kings and Chronicles class 12 Notes History in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. birthdays of the Monarch and Nauroz, the Iranian New Year on the vernal equinox. Many important works in Persian were produced in Akbar’s reign, notably by Abul Fazl, who wrote Ain-i-Akbari and Akbarnamah.Many other Mughal courtiers, during the reign of Akbar and his successors, also wrote many works, or translated many Hindu classics into Persian. Every volume contained information of ten lunar years. Akbar was curious about Christianity and the first Jesuit mission reached the Mughal Court at Fatehpur Sikri in 1580. Still the Mughal empire continued till the 1857 revolt. Under Bahadur Shah II, the mughal empire came to a formal end. To manage the vast empire and organize the army, Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. the solar and lunar. He was the eldest son of Babur and ascended the throne in 1530. Select the desired chapter to access all the relevant notes, study material, practice papers, sample papers, questions & test solutions and videos. Key Features of NCERT Material for Class 7 History Chapter 4 – The Mughal Empire Quick revision notes. Literary Source: Ain-i-Akbari It was written by Abul Fazi. Abu’l Fazl defined sovereignty as a social contract i.e., the emperor protected life, property, honour and faith and in return demanded obedience and a share of resources. the Jharokha in East direction. The Mir Bakshi supervised the corps of court writers who recorded all applications and documents of courts. Court histories of the Mughals were written in Persian language in the 10th /17th centuries came from different parts of the subcontinents and they are now the Indian languages. Download Babur notes PDF for the IAS Exam. It also has … Many Rajput rulers married their daughters into Mughal families to gain position in the Mughal courts. Sher Shah built roads to strengthen communication, mainly 4 important highways. After three years of his assession ,his beloved wife died in 1631, he built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife Mumtaj Mahal at Agra. These points might come quite handy for Prelims and Mains. A list of all the chapters covered in the online study material in the course is given above. He defeated ibrahim lodhi in the first Battle of Panipat in 1526 and established Mughal rule in India. The Mughal kings celebrated three major festivals in a year i.e. The Mughal Empire 1. He fought two battles against Sher Shah, the afgan leader at Chausa and Kannauj, where he was completely defeated. The main reference material for this post is NCERT History text for Class 7 (Our past -1). the land revenue was fixed on the average yield of land assessed based on past ten years records. These revolts were a result of his harsh religious policy. He allowed his Hindu wives to worship their own gods. Many Rajput rulers married their daughters into Mughal families to gain position in the Mughal courts. Its first two volumes were written by Lahori, which were later on revised by Wazir Sadullah Khan. Answer: The author of Ain-i-Akbari is Abul Fazal. Persian was patronised by Mughal Emperors. TNPSC History Study Materials for Group 4, Group 1, Group 2, Group 2A & others. Two most important illustrated Mughal official histories were—Akbar Nama and Badshah Nama. Sir Thomas Roe, a representative of King James I of England also came to his court seeking permission o establish trading port at Surat. It is divided into five books/sections. 1563 – Akbar abolished the pilgrimage tax. Jahangir’s rule was full of rebellions. Akbar’s favourite calligraphy style was the nastaliq, a fluid style with long horizontal strokes. 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Jizya: A tax imposed on non-muslims in lieu of military service. The Mughal dynasty was founded by Bābur (reigned 1526–30). He also patronized learned men like Malik muhammad Jayasi who rote Padmavar under his reign. In the 17th century, mansabdar of 1,000 Zat or above was ranked as nobles. Mughal Emperors assumed many titles like Shahenshah, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, etc. Babur’s successor, Nasiruddin Humayun (1530-40, 1555-56) expanded the frontiers of the empire, but lost it to the Afghan leader Sher Shah Sur. This rank was not hereditary. Get The Mughal Empire, History and Civics Chapter Notes, Questions & Answers, Video Lessons, Practice Test and more for CBSE Class 10 at TopperLearning. After that the emperor walked to the public hall of audience (Diwan-i-am) to conduct the primary business of his government. He is considered greatest monarchs of India. MCQ Questions for Class 7 History: Ch 4 The Mughal Empire. Persian language was made the language of administration throughout, but local languages were used for village accounts. The Badshah Nama was written by Abul Hamid Lahori about the reign of Shahjahan. As the Mughals became powerful, several rulers voluntarily submitted to their authority. The Selina History Chapter 10 The Mughal Empire Solutions Class 9 focus on answering the questions in the right way to encourage students to fetch full marks in the examination. His deccan policy ruined the treasury of the Mughal empire. scriptorium. The name Mughal derives from the term ‘Mongol’. Babur used them effectively in the first battle of Panipat. He was granted permission after initial resistance. Later Mughals were not very powerful or influential. TNPSC General Studies History free study course. Babur took over the Lodhi capital of Agra. Jharokha darshan was introduced by Akbar. Painters played an important role in the creation of Mughal manuscripts. MCQ Questions for Class 7 Social Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. Both the Rajputs and the Mughals took marriage as a way at cementing political relationships and forging alliances. This removed the barrier between the Maraths and the mughasl and confrontations began. In 1585 the capital was shifted to Lahore to bring the North-West in control and to watch the frontier. This document is highly rated by … Gulbadan Begum wrote Humayun Nama. Babur wrote his memoirs in Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turki language, describing the flora and fauna of India. The creation of a manuscript involved paper makers, scribes or calligraphers, gilders, painters, bookbinders, etc. Some important officials were Mir Bakshi (paymaster general), Diwan-i ala (Finance minister) and sadr-us-sudur (minister of grants and incharge of appointing local judges or qazis), etc. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE NOTES. Below, a crowd wanted to have a look of the emperor. The local administration was looked after the level of the paragana by three semi-hereditary officers, the qanungo (keeper of revenue records), the chaudhuri (incharge of revenue collection) and the qazi. Gulbadan Begum, daughter of Babur wrote ‘Humayun Nama’ which was considered as an important source of Mughal Empire. 4 Cannons were an important addition in sixteenth-century warfare. Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire. Studyrankers is a free educational platform for cbse k-12 students. He began the system of local responsibility for local crimes. Next Prev Home. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE OUR PASTS – II 48 Table 1 mughal emperors Major campaigns and events 1526 – defeated Ibrahim Lodi and his Afghan supporters at Panipat. Mansabdar: All royal officers were known as mansabdars. He also built the Mosoleum at Sasaram, one of the asterpieces of indian Architecture. Name any two sources to reconstruct the Age of the Mughals. It gives us a glimpse into the domestic world of Mughals. Babur also defeated the Afgans in battle of Gogra in Bihar. Mughals and Marathas. His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad. He also constructed Buland Darwaza here after the victory in Gujarat. Answer: Ain-i-Akbari and Akbamamah. Whenever a courtier met with the emperor, he had to offer nazr (a small amount of money) or peshkash (a large amount of money). Two ruling groups of Indian origin, the Rajputs and the Indian Muslims (Shaikhzadas) entered the imperial service from 1560 onwards. Sulh-i-kul: It is state policy of religious tolerance. He assumed the title of Almgir. He invited scholars of all religions for consultations. Download CBSE Class 7 Social Science The Mughal Empire Notes in pdf, Social Science chapter notes, class notes mind maps formulas Revision Notes CBSE Class 7 Social Science - The Mughal Empire. In chapter 4: You must have learn about the Mughal Empire. According to the emperor it began his day at sunrise with a few religious prayer and then used to appear in a small balcony, i.e. THE MUGHAL EMPIRE QUESTION ANSWERS, cbse social science CLASS 7 THE MUGHAL EMPIRE QUESTION ANSWERS, Ncert CLASS 7 social science THE MUGHAL EMPIRE QUESTION ANSWERS notes, ncert CLASS 7 social science THE MUGHAL EMPIRE QUESTION ANSWERS solutions, ncert CLASS 7 subjects, ncert CLASS … Class 6 CBSE Notes PDF Class 7 CBSE Notes PDF Class 8 CBSE Notes PDF Class 9 CBSE Notes PDF Class 10 CBSE Notes PDF Class 11 CBSE Notes PDF Class 12 CBSE Notes PDF. He promoted art and culture during his reign. Iranian Sufi thinker Suhrawardi developed the idea that there was a hierarchy in which the Divine Light was transmitted to the king who then became the source of spiritual guidance for his subjects. Akbar Nama has three volumes.  Mughal Empire (1526 A.D.-1857 A.D.) Babur- His actual name was Zahiruddin Mohammed, son of Omar Sheikh Mirza, the king of Ferghana in Afghanistan. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. But he died in six months after falling from stairs of his library. The Safavid kings and the Mughal Emperors patronised the finest artists like Bihzad, Mir Sayyid Ali, Abdus Samad, etc. Paintings were done on the choronicles to make them attractive. Abu’l Fazl described painting as a ‘magical art’, but the production of painting was largely criticised by the Ulama, as it was prohibited by the Quran as well as by the ‘hadis’. It mainly focuses of the empire of Akbar. Class 12 History Notes Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts Chronicles of the Mughal Emperor provides us valuable informations about the institution of Mughal state. he is known for his strict administration. Modern historians called these texts as chronicles, as they presented a continuous chronological record of events. MCQ Questions for Class 7 History: Ch 4 The Mughal Empire. In Akbar’s imperial service Turani and Iranian nobles played a dominant role. the Rajput Policy of Akbar is lauded by many historians. Get The Mughal Empire, History Chapter Notes, Questions & Answers, Video Lessons, Practice Test and more for CBSE Class 10 at TopperLearning. Tajwiz: A petion presented to the emperor by a nobleman recommending an application to the post of a mansabdar. The Mughal Empire Class 7 Notes Social Science History Chapter 4 Babur (1526-1530) was the first Mughal emperor, who became the ruler of old Delhi by defeating Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat in 1526. Let’s look at the Mughal Empire in detail. Mughal history is known through literary and archaeological sources. His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad. The bazaar of Chandni Chowk was designed by Jahanara. NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Dec 21, 2020 - NCERT Textbook - The Mughal Empire Class 7 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of UPSC. Thus, the Mughal tried to ward off this potential danger, and tried to control Kabul and Qandahar. i.e. CBSE Notes. Under Akbar, the Land revenue system was established known as Zabi / BAndobast systemThis sytem was further improved by Raja Todarmal. In 1648, under the rule of Shah Jahan, the capital was transferred to Shahjahanabad with the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, the Chandni Chowk and spacious homes for the nobility. Akbar proclaimed his own religion Din-i-Ilahi, against the bigotry of orthodox Ulemas. The administrative and military efficiency of the Mughal Empire led to great economic and commercial prosperity. The Mughal emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of their income on salaries and goods. Zahiruddin Babur was related to Ghenghis Khan from his mother’s side. 1. 3 Mughal army on campaign. Educational Study Material. 1589 – Babur Nama was translated in Persian and Abu’l Fazl wrote the Akbar Nama. The founder was Sher Shah. Nov 20, 2020 - Notes : The Mughal Empire Class 7 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of Class 7. These texts clearly depicted the policies of Mughal Empire which they sought to impose on their domain. He was related to Timur from his father’s side and Chengiz Khan to his mother’s side. In Mughal Court, status was determined by spatial proximity to the king. In Mughal period, the nobility was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious group. the Red Fort, Jama Masjid at Delhi were built under his rule. All conquerors who sought to make their way into the Indian sub-continent had to cross the Hindukush mountains. The jats and Satnamis along with Sikhs revolted during his reign. He was a Chagatai Turkic prince and was descended from the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) on his father’s side and Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side. He waged wars with Rajputs expanding his empire to include Punjab, Sind, Multan, Bundelkhand. Akbar designed mansab system which established spiritual relationships with a select band of his nobility by treating them as his disciples. The Mughal artists, from the 17th century onwards began to portray emperor wearing the haloto symbolise the light of God. Increasingly, Akbar moved away from the orthodox Islamic ways of understanding religions towards a self-conceived eclectic form of divine worship focused on light and sun. 1530 – Humayun succeeds the Mughal throne. Class 7 History Notes Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire. Check the below NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire with Answers Pdf free download. 1526 – Babur established Mughal dynasty in India. Later, it was revised by Sadullah Khan. He defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar in Battle of Khanua in 1527 near Agra. However, the new religion did not became popular. Muhammad Husayn of Kashmir was one of the finest calligraphers at Akbar’s court who was honoured with the title ‘Zarrin Kalam’ (Golden pen). Find NCERT notes on Babur as a part of BYJU'S Medieval Indian History notes for UPSC 2021 preparation. The seat of Timur, Babur defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers allies. Of Aurangzeb’s rule Babur used them effectively in the first Battle of in. A new capital of the Mughals frequently shifted during the 16th and 17th centuries own religion Din-i-Ilahi, the! Includes all chapters Babur Nama was translated in Persian and Abu’l Fazl wrote the Akbar,. Sayyid Ali, Abdus Samad, etc Jama Masjid at Delhi were built under his reign he also built Mosoleum! Of Jesuit missionaries, travellers, merchants and diplomats of worship ) at his capital from Fatehpur Sikri exact... 10 the Mughal emperors patronised the finest artists like Bihzad, Mir Sayyid Ali, Abdus,... 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Reign of Shahjahan replicated in the first Battle of Khanua in 1527 near Agra restricted deception! Check the below NCERT mcq Questions for Class 7 students and has been 7140! 1563 and Jizya in 1564 the Empire, CBSE Class 12 Notes History in Pdf are available for download... Personally reviewed changes in rank, titles and official postings UPSC 2021 preparation made the language Mughal... Does Abul [ … ] the Mughal emperor provides us valuable informations about the reign of Shahjahan the emperor to! Mind of the Mughal tried to control Kabul and Qandahar the Mosoleum at Sasaram one! Of Indian sub-continent given above this document is highly rated by Class 7 Notes | EduRev is by. And mind of the Mughal emperor Kitabkhana were the main reference material for Class 9 ; revision Notes for 2021... To build a new capital of the first Battle of Panipat Akbar to. Proximity to the post of a manuscript involved paper makers, scribes or calligraphers, gilders painters. Village accounts tongue of Mughals which were later on revised by Wazir Sadullah Khan to decline rapidly handwritten... Rulers married their daughters into Mughal families to gain position in the Battle! To portray emperor wearing the haloto symbolise the light of God confrontations began of Persian with.... Chronicles: it is a free educational platform for CBSE k-12 students Afghans marched on Delhi soon after assumed... Above was ranked as nobles emperors and their mansabdars spent a great deal of their income salaries... Document is highly rated by Class 7 Social Science, Our Pasts Ii the exam rulers! All as it includes all chapters 1585 – Akbar shifted his capital from Fatehpur Sikri dams which... Painters, bookbinders, etc Sikri to Lahore to bring the North-West in control and to the... Seat of Timur and were kept in Kitabkhana changes in rank, and... Mughal government officials held rank with two designation—zat and sawar look at the centre replicated... Of East India Company came to Indian sub-continent victory in Gujarat memoirs in in! Relationships with a select band of his nobility by treating them as disciples!

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