A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean. An example would be the area drained by the Ohio River would be the Ohio drainage basin. Drainage basins are important in ecology. Drainage basins have been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. The drainage basin acts like a funnel - collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channeling it into a waterway. In the U.S. state of Minnesota, governmental entities that perform this function are called "watershed districts". Drainage basins are similar but not identical to hydrologic units, which are drainage areas delineated so as to nest into a multi-level hierarchical drainage system. Especially in North American usage however, watershed refers to the drainage basin itself. Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide, making up a succession of higher geographical features (such as a ridge, hill or mountains) forming a barrier. Accordant versus discordant drainage patterns. Catch basins are made to redirect water away from another place in an attempt to stop flooding before it starts. Some of these, such as the Great Basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins. Corrections? Hello guys here is our rivers education revision video, we hope you guys like it.Thankyou Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. An extreme example of this is the Dead Sea. All water that falls on that land flows into one river. The high average discharge rate is attributable to the large amounts of precipitation received at higher elevations in the Rockiesand coastal mountain ranges, caused by moist air masses moving off the Pacif… When it rains, water falls on all surfaces, not just in the waterways. Other terms that are used to describe a drainage basin are catchment, catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin and water basin. Some streams, notably in Finland and from southern Poland to west-central Russia, have their sources in hills of Cenozoic rocks,…, …is on subsurface runoff (or drainage). Drainage basin, also called catchment area, or (in North America) watershed, area from which all precipitation flows to a single stream or set of streams. water from rain converge or drain to a single point usually of lower elevation It is also determined on the basis of length and width of the drainage basin. The minerals are carried by the drainage basin to the mouth, and may accumulate there, disturbing the natural mineral balance. The exit is the end of the drainage basin and is also referred as a watershed and catchment area. [1] Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another common outlet.[2]. "Catchment basin" redirects here. [ drā ′nĭj ] An area drained by a river system. The isohyetal method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. 2. an area of…. In humid temperate regions, well-drained soil profiles near a summit can have thick E horizons (the leached layers) overlying well-developed clay-rich Bt horizons, while poorly drained profiles near a toeslope can have thick A horizons overlying extensive Bg horizons (lower layers whose pale colour…. Limnologists have used several criteria for the development of systems for classifying lakes and lake basins but have resorted particularly to the mechanisms that have produced lake basins. It is an area of land. In endorheic bodies of standing water where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. For example, the total area drained by the Mississippi River constitutes its drainage basin, whereas that part of the Mississippi River drained by the Ohio River is the Ohio’s drainage basin. Below is a flow diagram of the drainage basin system:All rivers receive a water supply and the area of land this comes from is known as a drainage basin. A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water. The boundary between drainage basins is a drainage divide: all the precipitation on opposite sides of a drainage divide will flow into different drainage basins. Rain that falls in steep mountainous areas will reach the primary river in the drainage basin faster than flat or lightly sloping areas (e.g., > 1% gradient). A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. Drainage basins connect into other drainage basins at lower elevations in a hierarchical pattern, with smaller sub-drainage basins, which in turn drain into another co… In North America, this function is referred to as "watershed management". In hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle, because the majority of water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. This can cause eutrophication where plant growth is accelerated by the additional material. A drainage basin provides a limited surface area within which physical processes pertinent to the general hydrology may be considered. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming. Comparable community groups based in Ontario, Canada, are called conservation authorities. In New Zealand, they are called catchment boards. Isochrone maps can be used to show the time taken for runoff water within a drainage basin to reach a lake, reservoir or outlet, assuming constant and uniform effective rainfall.[10][11][12][13]. What is a watershed and why should I care? Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a ridge, hill or mountain, which is known as a water divide or a watershed. A drainage basin is a tract of land drained by a river and its tributaries What is the boundary of a drainage basin called? A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwate… drainage basin définition, signification, ce qu'est drainage basin: an area of land from which the rain flows into a particular river or lake, etc.. En savoir plus. Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over a drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. When a river basin crosses at least one political border, either a border within a nation or an international boundary, it is identified as a transboundary river. Generally, topography plays a big part in how fast runoff will reach a river. What does drainage basin mean? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/drainage-basin, USGS Water Science School - Watersheds and Drainage Basins. This type of water is r… Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding. ", "A Review of Earth Observation-Based Analyses for Major River Basins", "A grid-based distributed flood forecasting model for use with weather radar data: Part 1. For the human geography concept, see, Area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, International Journal of River Basin Management, International Network of Basin Organizations, "What is a watershed and why should I care? These have been…, The drainage basins of most European rivers lie in areas originally uplifted by the Caledonian, Hercynian, and Alpine mountain-building periods that receive heavy precipitation, including snow. Modern use of artificial fertilizers, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, has affected the mouths of drainage basins. Gratuit. Drainage basins are the principal hydrologic unit considered in fluvial geomorphology. The drainage basin, also known as the basin, or (in North America) the basin that pours all precipitation into a single torrent or a set of streams. With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water source. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin, the water converges to a single point inside the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake, or a point where surface water is lost underground.[8]. Land use can contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils. Management of such basins becomes the responsibility of the countries sharing it. A drainage basin is a naturally occurring extent of land which serves as a funnel to channel precipitation and excess water to a nearby river or stream. In a drainage basin or watershed, all the precipitation that falls will eventually feed into a single river. Management of shared drainage basins is also seen as a way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries.[14]. After prolonged rainfall even free-draining soils can become saturated, meaning that any further rainfall will reach the river rather than being absorbed by the ground. Catchment topography and shape determine the time taken for rain to reach the river, while catchment size, soil type, and development determine the amount of water to reach the river. Shape will contribute to the speed with which the runoff reaches a river. drainage basin - the entire geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries; an area characterized by all runoff being conveyed to the same outlet; "flood control in the Missouri basin" catchment area , catchment basin , drainage area , river basin , watershed , basin Water does not come into or leave planet earth. In hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle, because the majority of water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. Nile Basin Initiative, OMVS for Senegal River, Mekong River Commission are a few examples of arrangements involving management of shared river basins. Kosi geographic river river basins geography myp gcse dp the canadian atlas glossary of drainage basin hydrological system a edexcel gcse 9 1 geography b Drainage Basin Hydrological System A Level GeographyDrainage Basin Definitions Diagram Quizlet10 Aa The Drainage BasinRiver Environments Drainage Basin System Gcse Ccea GeographyDrainage Basins Definition Characteristics LessonWhat … The largest of these consists of much of the interior of Asia, which drains into the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and numerous smaller lakes. Examples of such interstate compacts are the Great Lakes Commission and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency. The drainage basin includes all the surface water from rain runoff, snowmelt, hail, sleet and nearby streams that run downslope towards the shared outlet, as well as the groundwater underneath the earth's surface. Definition of drainage basin in the Definitions.net dictionary. Drainage patterns. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons.
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